The village was located in the eastern expanse of Tovaangar, and was established along the Santa Ana River. Kaawchama was perhaps the most significant in the region, being a regional center for trade that was connected to villages in Southern California and the Colorado River through the Mohave Trail, that was used by the Mohave, Serrano, Cahuilla, Payomkawichum, and others.

Several of their villages dotted the San Bernardino valley prior to the arrival of Europeans in the valley. The city of San Bernardino, California, occupies much of the San Bernardino Valley, a valley long inhabited by the Tongva.

See also: Timeline of San Bernardino, California history Indigenous Today, San Bernardino is an important hub for the Inland Empire and Southern California. The city grew significantly in the late 19th century as a commercial hub at the crossroads between Southern California and the American Southwest. Following the American Conquest of California, the community on the rancho incorporated as a city in 1854. In 1839, the Mexican government granted Californio ranchero José del Carmen Lugo the right to settle the area, which was formalized when he was granted Rancho San Bernardino in 1842. San Bernardino was named in 1810, when Spanish priest Francisco Dumetz led an expedition through the area. Additionally, San Bernardino serves as an anchor city to the 3rd largest metropolitan area in California (after Los Angeles and San Francisco) and the 13th largest metropolitan area in the United States the San Bernardino-Riverside MSA.įurthermore, the city's University District serves as a college town, as home to California State University, San Bernardino. The governments of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico have established the metropolitan area's only consulates in the downtown area of the city. San Bernardino is the economic, cultural, and political hub of the San Bernardino Valley and the Inland Empire. Located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, the city had a population of 222,101 in the 2020 census, making it the 18th-largest city in California. San Bernardino ( / ˌ s æ n ˌ b ɜːr n ə ˈ d iː n oʊ/ ⓘ SAN BUR-nə- DEE-noh) is a city and county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States.

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